{"id":1446,"date":"2026-05-04T10:00:15","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/?p=1446"},"modified":"2026-11-02T15:29:51","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T15:29:51","slug":"border-gateway-protocol-bgp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/","title":{"rendered":"Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Explained: Types, Attributes, and Security Issues"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/networking\/internet-protocol\/\">Internet protocol<\/a> that allows networks to exchange routes. A route is a list of IP addresses that specifies the best path to reach a destination. When two networks exchange routes, they must agree on a common path, and BGP provides a mechanism for exchanging routes. BGP is a peer-to-peer protocol, meaning each node acts as a client and a server.<\/p>\n<p>Check out the Border Gateway Protocol, why we need it, and how it works.<\/p>\n<h2>What is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?<\/h2>\n<p>The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) was created to support the interconnection of multiple private internets, such as those found in a corporate network.<\/p>\n<p>BGP is now widely used for interconnecting any type of network, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/internet-service-provider-isp\/\">Internet service providers (ISPs),<\/a> academic institutions, and regional internetworks.<\/p>\n<p>BGP is a standard exterior gateway protocol that provides inter-domain routing services.<\/p>\n<p>BGP provides an efficient method for exchanging network reachability information among autonomous systems. It is a protocol designed to provide connectivity between autonomous systems.<\/p>\n<p>Autonomous Systems operate independently from each other and have their own set of policies, rules, and procedures.<\/p>\n<p>This protocol allows routers to exchange routing information, and it enables them to share their knowledge of routes and reachability.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2136\" src=\"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Border-Gateway-Protocol-BGP-2.jpg\" alt=\"Border-Gateway-Protocol-(BGP)\" width=\"804\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Border-Gateway-Protocol-BGP-2.jpg 804w, https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Border-Gateway-Protocol-BGP-2-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Border-Gateway-Protocol-BGP-2-768x430.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Why Do We Need Border Gateway Protocol?<\/h2>\n<p>There are many reasons why we need BGP. Here are a few examples:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A company has multiple offices in different locations, and each office needs to connect to the Internet.<\/li>\n<li>You want to create your private network.<\/li>\n<li>You want your servers to talk to each other without going through any public network.<\/li>\n<li>You want a single IP address for your entire network.<\/li>\n<li>You don&#8217;t want to pay extra money for more addresses than needed.<\/li>\n<li>Your ISP gives you a dynamic IP address.<\/li>\n<li>Your ISP doesn&#8217;t give you enough space to host everything.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What are BGP Attributes?<\/h2>\n<p>Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is designed to determine the most efficient route for transmitting network traffic between different networks on the Internet. However, BGP efficiency is not based solely on hop count. Instead, BGP evaluates multiple routing paths using a set of attributes to make more informed decisions when multiple paths are available.<\/p>\n<p>Each BGP-advertised route is assigned specific attributes, which influence how routers choose the best path. Network administrators can also modify these attributes to gain finer control over traffic flow and routing behavior within their networks.<\/p>\n<p>Some of the key BGP attributes include:<\/p>\n<h3>Weight<\/h3>\n<p>This is a Cisco-specific attribute that influences route selection on a single router. A higher weight value is preferred, meaning the router will choose that path over others.<\/p>\n<h3>Local Preference<\/h3>\n<p>This attribute determines the preferred outbound path from an autonomous system (AS). Routes with higher local preference values are prioritized when sending traffic outside the network.<\/p>\n<h3>Originate<\/h3>\n<p>This attribute gives preference to routes that were locally created or originated by the router itself, making them more favorable compared to externally learned routes.<\/p>\n<h3>AS Path Length<\/h3>\n<p>This refers to the number of autonomous systems a route passes through. Generally, shorter AS paths are preferred because they are assumed to be more efficient and reliable.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to these, BGP uses several other attributes to refine routing decisions. These attributes are evaluated in a specific priority order. The router first checks the highest priority attribute (such as weight). If multiple routes are still equally preferred, it moves down the list checking local preference, then origin type, then AS path length, and so on until the best route is selected.<\/p>\n<p>This layered decision-making process ensures that BGP can intelligently balance efficiency, policy control, and network performance.<\/p>\n<h2>How Does Border Gateway Protocol Work?<\/h2>\n<p>The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a dynamic routing protocol that allows routers to share routing information.<\/p>\n<p>Routers in the BGP protocol exchange routing information, which is exchanged periodically over TCP\/IP connections. When a router receives a packet, it looks up the next-hop address in its routing tables.<\/p>\n<p>If the next hop is not directly connected, it sends a message asking the peer router to send the packet to the closest router.<\/p>\n<p>Once the packets reach their final destinations, they exit the network via the same interface as the original packet entered.<\/p>\n<h2>Types of Border Gateway Protocol<\/h2>\n<p>Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol that allows different networks on the Internet to communicate and exchange routing information. These networks are called Autonomous Systems (AS), and BGP helps decide the best path for data to travel between them. Broadly, BGP is divided into two main types based on where and how it operates: External BGP (eBGP) and Internal BGP (iBGP).<\/p>\n<p><strong>External BGP (eBGP)<\/strong> is used to exchange routing information between routers belonging to different Autonomous Systems. This is the type of BGP that powers communication across the global Internet, for example, when your Internet Service Provider connects to other ISPs or large organizations. In eBGP, routers treat each other as external peers, and the protocol applies stricter rules to ensure stability and security. It usually assumes that the neighboring router is directly reachable, and when routes are shared, certain attributes, such as the next-hop, are updated automatically. Because it operates between separate networks, eBGP is critical for determining how traffic flows across the Internet and is often influenced by routing policies, agreements, and performance considerations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Internal BGP (iBGP)<\/strong>, on the other hand, is used within a single Autonomous System. Once a router learns routes from an external peer via eBGP, those routes must be shared with other routers within the same network. That&#8217;s where iBGP comes in. It ensures that all routers within the organization have a consistent view of external routes. However, iBGP has unique behavior; for example, it does not automatically update certain route attributes, such as the next-hop, and requires careful design to scale properly. In a large network, having every router connect to every other router (a full mesh) can be inefficient, so techniques such as route reflectors or confederations are used to simplify the architecture.<\/p>\n<p>In simple terms, you can think of eBGP as the &#8220;communication between different companies or networks on the internet&#8221;. At the same time, iBGP acts as the &#8220;internal communication system within a single organization&#8217;s network&#8221;. Both types work together to ensure that data can travel efficiently from one part of the world to another.<\/p>\n<h2>What is Border Gateway Protocol Visibility?<\/h2>\n<p>BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) visibility is the ability to see and communicate with other autonomous systems.<\/p>\n<p>Autonomous Systems are groups of routers that exchange routing information using the BGP.<\/p>\n<p>A router can only talk to another router if it has a route to that destination in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inetdaemon.com\/tutorials\/internet\/ip\/routing\/routing_information_base.shtml\">Routing Information Base<\/a> (RIB), which contains all the routes learned from its neighbors.<\/p>\n<p>This allows each router to determine whether it knows about every route between two locations. It can ask its neighbor(s) for help if it doesn&#8217;t know a route.<\/p>\n<h2>How Does The Border Gateway Protocol Manage Internet Routing<\/h2>\n<p>The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) manages Internet routing by enabling independently administered networks, known as Autonomous Systems (ASes), to exchange routing information and determine how data travels between them. Each Autonomous System represents a network or group of networks managed by a single organization, such as an Internet Service Provider (ISP), enterprise, or cloud provider.<\/p>\n<p>BGP establishes routing sessions between these networks and advertises the IP address prefixes they can reach. It uses routing attributes and policies, such as AS_PATH, LOCAL_PREF, and MED, to evaluate available routes and select preferred paths. When network conditions change, or a connection becomes unavailable, BGP can withdraw outdated routes and advertise alternative paths. This inter-domain routing process allows networks across different organizations to communicate and enables data to reach destinations across the global Internet.<\/p>\n<h2>How can Organizations Protect their BGP Routing Infrastructure?<\/h2>\n<p>Organizations can protect their Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) routing infrastructure by implementing security controls that prevent unauthorized route advertisements, detect routing anomalies, and protect communication between neighboring routers. Since BGP exchanges routing information across independently administered networks, security measures are essential to reduce the risks of route hijacking, route leaks, and traffic interception.<\/p>\n<h3>Practical BGP Security Measures<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Implement Prefix Filtering:<\/strong> Configure inbound and outbound prefix filters to control which IP address ranges a BGP neighbor can advertise or receive. This prevents unauthorized or unexpected route announcements from entering the routing table.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Use RPKI Route Origin Validation (ROV):<\/strong> Implement Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) to verify whether an Autonomous System is authorized to originate a particular IP prefix. Route Origin Validation helps identify and reject invalid route announcements, reducing the risk of BGP route hijacking.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Protect BGP Sessions:<\/strong> Secure communication between BGP neighbors using authentication mechanisms such as TCP MD5 or TCP Authentication Option (TCP-AO), where supported. Restrict access to BGP sessions and apply infrastructure access control lists (ACLs) to prevent unauthorized connection attempts.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Apply AS Path Filtering:<\/strong> Configure AS_PATH filters to reject routing updates containing unauthorized or unexpected Autonomous Systems. This helps prevent certain routing policy violations and suspicious route advertisements.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Configure Maximum Prefix Limits:<\/strong> Set maximum prefix thresholds for BGP neighbors to prevent excessive route advertisements from overwhelming router memory and processing resources.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Monitor BGP Routing Changes:<\/strong> Continuously monitor BGP announcements, withdrawals, session changes, and routing table updates. Use routing monitoring tools and alerts to identify unexpected changes that could indicate route hijacking or misconfiguration.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Implement Route Leak Prevention:<\/strong> Apply appropriate routing policies, such as prefix-based filtering and BGP community controls, to ensure routes are advertised only to intended neighbors and according to established peering agreements.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Maintain Router Security:<\/strong> Regularly update router firmware and operating systems, restrict administrative access, turn off unnecessary services, and maintain secure configuration backups to reduce infrastructure vulnerabilities.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>How BGP Routers Establish Neighbor Relationships?<\/h2>\n<p>BGP routers establish neighbor relationships, also called BGP peering sessions, by configuring each other&#8217;s IP addresses and Autonomous System (AS) numbers. These relationships allow routers to exchange routing information and maintain communication between networks. BGP uses TCP port 179 to establish a reliable connection between neighboring routers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The process involves the following steps:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong> Neighbor Configuration:<\/strong> Network administrators configure BGP neighbors by specifying the remote router&#8217;s IP address and AS number. Both routers must have compatible configurations, including the correct AS relationship and any required authentication settings.<\/li>\n<li><strong> TCP Session Establishment:<\/strong> The routers establish a TCP connection using port 179. This connection provides reliable communication for exchanging BGP messages.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Open Message Exchange:<\/strong> After establishing the TCP connection, both routers exchange Open messages containing information such as BGP version, AS number, Hold Time, and Router ID. Each router checks whether the received parameters are acceptable.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Keepalive Messages:<\/strong> Once the Open messages are accepted, routers exchange Keepalive messages to confirm that the BGP session is established and remains active. These messages help maintain the neighbor relationship.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Update Message Exchange:<\/strong> Routers exchange Update messages containing network prefixes, routing attributes, and path information. These messages allow each router to learn new routes, modify existing routing information, or withdraw unreachable routes.<\/li>\n<li><strong> Notification Messages:<\/strong> If a router detects an error, such as an invalid message format or an unacceptable configuration parameter, it sends a Notification message to inform its neighbor. This message generally terminates the BGP session.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Four Main BGP Message Types<\/h3>\n<div class=\"table-responsive\">\n<table class=\"table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"col\">Message Type<\/th>\n<th scope=\"col\">Purpose<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Message Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Purpose<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Open<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Establishes a BGP relationship and negotiates session parameters.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Keepalive<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Confirms that the BGP connection is active and prevents the Hold Timer from expiring.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Update<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Advertises new routes, communicates routing changes, and withdraws unreachable prefixes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Notification<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Reports protocol errors and generally closes the BGP session.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Once the neighbor relationship is successfully established, BGP routers enter the Established state, allowing them to exchange routing information. They continue sending Keepalive messages and exchanging Update messages whenever routing changes occur. This process helps maintain reliable communication and consistent routing information across interconnected networks.<\/p>\n<h2>What is Border Gateway Protocol Hijacking?<\/h2>\n<p>BGP hijacking refers to intercepting and modifying a BGP message&#8217;s contents before it reaches its destination.<\/p>\n<p>Hijacking is possible because BGP does not use any form of encryption, and an attacker can easily modify the contents of a BIP packet without being detected.<\/p>\n<p>Since BGP operates over UDP port 179, it can be intercepted using standard sniffers such as TCP dump.<\/p>\n<p>BGP hijacking occurs when someone uses BGP to redirect traffic away from your network.<\/p>\n<p>For example, you might use BGP to advertise a different path through your network than the one used.<\/p>\n<p>This could cause problems because the traffic will follow the new path, even though it isn\u2019t intended for that destination.<\/p>\n<h2>Border Gateway Protocol Route Leak?<\/h2>\n<p>A BGP route leak can cause significant damage to a network because it allows malicious attackers to take control of many IP addresses belonging to a single organization.<\/p>\n<p>These addresses could then be used to launch attacks against the victim.<\/p>\n<p>Misconfigured routers or misbehaving peers cause BGP route leaks. The problem can be easily solved by configuring the router to use its neighbors&#8217; correct Autonomous System path and\/or removing the peer from the routing table.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, BGP is a powerful tool that enables networks to exchange routing information, making it possible to dynamically discover new paths to destinations. This feature is especially useful when dealing with large networks or networks spanning multiple countries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an Internet protocol that allows networks to exchange routes. A route is a list of IP addresses that specifies the best path to reach a destination. When two networks exchange routes, they must agree on a common path, and BGP provides a mechanism for exchanging routes. BGP is a peer-to-peer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): how it works, BGP attributes, security issues, and types-External BGP and Internal BGP explained.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): how it works, BGP attributes, security issues, and types-External BGP and Internal BGP explained.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Learning Center\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-05-04T10:00:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-11-02T15:29:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/What-is-the-Border-Gateway-Protocol-2.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"phanivedala\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"What is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"What is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): how it works, BGP attributes, security issues, and types-External BGP and Internal BGP explained.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/What-is-the-Border-Gateway-Protocol-2.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"phanivedala\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 minutes\" \/>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"What is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?","description":"What is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): how it works, BGP attributes, security issues, and types-External BGP and Internal BGP explained.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"What is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?","og_description":"What is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): how it works, BGP attributes, security issues, and types-External BGP and Internal BGP explained.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/","og_site_name":"Learning Center","article_published_time":"2026-05-04T10:00:15+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-11-02T15:29:51+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":630,"url":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/What-is-the-Border-Gateway-Protocol-2.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"phanivedala","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"What is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?","twitter_description":"What is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): how it works, BGP attributes, security issues, and types-External BGP and Internal BGP explained.","twitter_image":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/What-is-the-Border-Gateway-Protocol-2.jpg","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"phanivedala","Est. reading time":"10 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/"},"author":{"name":"phanivedala","@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/#\/schema\/person\/2726e207953fa3144400a543114ffb80"},"headline":"Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Explained: Types, Attributes, and Security Issues","datePublished":"2026-05-04T10:00:15+00:00","dateModified":"2026-11-02T15:29:51+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/"},"wordCount":2205,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Border-Gateway-Protocol-BGP-2.jpg","articleSection":["General"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/","url":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/","name":"What is the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)?","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Border-Gateway-Protocol-BGP-2.jpg","datePublished":"2026-05-04T10:00:15+00:00","dateModified":"2026-11-02T15:29:51+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/#\/schema\/person\/2726e207953fa3144400a543114ffb80"},"description":"What is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): how it works, BGP attributes, security issues, and types-External BGP and Internal BGP explained.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Border-Gateway-Protocol-BGP-2.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Border-Gateway-Protocol-BGP-2.jpg","width":804,"height":450,"caption":"Border-Gateway-Protocol-(BGP)"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/general\/border-gateway-protocol-bgp\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) Explained: Types, Attributes, and Security Issues"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/","name":"Learning Center","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/#\/schema\/person\/2726e207953fa3144400a543114ffb80","name":"phanivedala","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9ae8aaa0082a86ebf7738b72fb8878025f03ed6b6c78df2af3ba58cce9092b0d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9ae8aaa0082a86ebf7738b72fb8878025f03ed6b6c78df2af3ba58cce9092b0d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9ae8aaa0082a86ebf7738b72fb8878025f03ed6b6c78df2af3ba58cce9092b0d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"phanivedala"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1446","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1446"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1446\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4729,"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1446\/revisions\/4729"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1446"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1446"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.extnoc.com\/learn\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1446"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}